Chapter 4, lesson 32

Big Cups and Small Glasses

Describe things with Swedish adjectives that fit an en-word, an ett-word or a plural, both before the noun and after är, plus mycket for very.

What you will learn

You can describe things with adjectives that fit the noun, both before the noun and after är.

Three forms

An adjective changes with the noun it describes. With an en-word it has no ending. With an ett-word it adds -t. With a plural it adds -a. Most adjectives work like this. The ones that change a bit more come further down.

AdjectiveWith an en-wordWith an ett-wordWith a plural
stor, bigen stor koppett stort glasstora koppar
ny, newen ny skoett nytt kortnya tröjor
billig, cheapen billig cykelett billigt äpplebilliga påsar
dyr, expensiveen dyr bilett dyrt husdyra mössor

Ny ends in a vowel, so its ett form has a double t, nytt.

After är

The adjective also fits the noun when it comes after är. This is true when the noun has the ending for the, as in glaset, too.

SwedishEnglish
Koppen är stor.The cup is big.
Glaset är stort.The glass is big.
Mina skor är gamla.My shoes are old.
Tomater är dyra nu.Tomatoes are expensive now.

Adjectives that change a bit more

AdjectiveWith an en-wordWith an ett-wordWith a plural
liten, smallen liten koppett litet glassmå koppar
gammal, olden gammal bilett gammalt husgamla böcker
röd, reden röd blommaett rött äppleröda tomater
god, tastyen god kakaett gott brödgoda kanelbullar
vit, whiteen vit koppett vitt husvita skor
svart, blacken svart jackaett svart bordsvarta väskor

Liten has another word in the plural, små. Gammal loses its second a in the plural, gamla. Röd and god change their d to a double t, so their ett forms are rött and gott. Vit gets a double t, vitt. Svart ends in a consonant and t, and an adjective like that stays the same with an ett-word, so ett svart bord.

Food and drink

About food and drink, god means tasty, as in Kakan är god. For things that are good in other ways, bra is the usual word, as in en bra bok. Bra keeps the same form with en-words, ett-words and plurals.

Some food words have no en or ett in front, such as vatten, mjölk, ost and juice. The adjective still fits the word. Vatten is an ett-word, so you say kallt vatten. Mjölk is an en-word, so you say kall mjölk.

SwedishEnglish
Jag vill ha kallt vatten.I want cold water.
Kaffet är varmt.The coffee is hot.
Vi köper god ost.We buy good cheese.

Very

Mycket before an adjective means very.

SwedishEnglish
Tröjan är mycket dyr.The jumper is very expensive.
Vattnet är mycket kallt.The water is very cold.

Two words you know

Trött and välkommen change too. Vi är trötta means we are tired. Välkomna! welcomes two or more people.

Common mistakes

Not like thisLike thisWhy
ett stor glasett stort glasGlas is an ett-word, so add -t.
två stor koppartvå stora kopparWith a plural, add -a.
två litena koppartvå små kopparThe plural of liten is små.
ett rödt äppleett rött äppleThe ett form of röd is spelled rött.
gammala böckergamla böckerGammal loses its second a in the plural.
Glaset är stor.Glaset är stort.After är, the adjective still fits the ett-word.

Check yourself

A few questions from the Learning Path on this lesson. Answer, then check, or show the answer with its explanation.

  1. Vilken fras beskriver en bra bok och inte god mat?
  2. Fyll i rätt form av liten.

    Mina koppar är .

  3. Välj orden som passar i luckan.

    Marta köper ___.

  4. Skriv den form av kall som passar med vatten.

    Jag vill ha vatten.

  5. Välj betydelsen av juice.
  6. Välj betydelsen av stor.

How this lesson connects

Learning Path

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